TABLE OF CONTENTS

Press-Release

1. Background, Methodology and Objectives
2. Key Findings
3. Aggregate Results

Appendix A: Survey Participants

I. BACKGROUND, OBJECTIVES & METHODOLOGY

This Final Report summarizes major findings from 50 of the 135 respondents to a confidential, self-administered opinion survey on intellectual property rights issues conducted among selected international companies doing business in the Russian Federation.  * [footnote: *This survey is not a statistically representative sample of companies doing business in Russia, nor is it a statistically representative sample of the opinions of members of CIPR, AmCham, EBC or GBA.  However, the survey sponsors believe this Final Report of major findings of the opinions of Selected Major Brandholders and Trademark Owners Doing Business in Russia is a broadly applicable and objective statement of the intellectual property rights problems, practices and opinions faced by such companies in the Russian Federation.] The findings of the 50 respondents included in this Final Report are those of selected major brandholders and trademark owners.  All of these international companies are actively engaged in commerce on the territory of Russia and many are direct and substantial investors in the Russian Federation.

The consumer and industrial products of the brandholders and trademark owners whose opinions are highlighted in this Final Report are well-known by the average Russian consumer. These include a broad range of branded food, beverage, automotive, pharmaceutical, personal hygiene, energy, tobacco, information technology and office equipment products, among others.  (A list of companies whose opinions are included in this Final Report may be found in the Appendices).

The survey’s primary objective was to determine the opinions and practices of foreign companies on a range of intellectual property rights issues in Russia, including registration and regulation, protection and enforcement, adjudication and, interaction with Russian government authorities.  The survey also explored various private sector practices and opinions on actions to improve the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights such as anti-counterfeiting measures, public education, legal and judicial reform, building public-private coalitions and, improving the technical and other resources of relevant Russian government agencies.  While opinions and practices related to copyright piracy (e.g., music, books, films, video, software, etc.) were addressed, the primary focus of the survey and of this Final Report is on owners and issues of industrial intellectual property — namely brands, trademarks and patents.

The survey was conducted on behalf of the Coalition for Intellectual Property Rights (CIPR), American Chamber of Commerce in Russia (AmCham), European Business Club in the Russian Federation (EBC) and German Business Association (GBA).  The survey was designed, implemented and analyzed by two professional research firms:  MAGRAM Market Research, an experienced consumer opinion research company which operates throughout Russia and the CIS; and, The PBN Company, an international strategic communications firm with offices in Moscow, Washington, London and other CIS and Baltic countries.

All survey respondents are members of one or more of the following associations:  CIPR, AmCham, EBC and GBA.  The total pool of 135 survey respondents comprise a broad selection of primarily international companies, including industrial, service, professional and consulting firms doing business in the Russian Federation.  The survey data was collected over a 10-week period beginning from 15 November 1999 through 31 January 2000.  All respondents were guaranteed confidentiality of their individual responses and were informed that results would be reported only on an aggregate basis.

---

II. KEY FINDINGS

• INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION: A KEY ISSUE

Intellectual property protection is a critical concern of many major international companies in Russia.

Intellectual property protection is perceived to be a primary challenge confronting international companies doing business in Russia.  In the survey, respondents were asked to rate a series of “challenges confronting the successful operations of your business in Russia” using a five-point scale, where one meant “least important” and five meant “most important.” More than one-half (52%) of selected major brandholders and trademark owners doing business in Russia gave a rating of five to intellectual property protection. This ranks intellectual property protection on virtually the same high level of concern as customs (54%) and taxes (52%) — which have historically been perceived as presenting the greatest challenges to business success in Russia.

Ratings Of Challenges Facing Successful Operations Of A Business In Russia
(Among Selected Major Brandholders And Trademark Owners Doing Business In Russia)

 

• PROTECTION & ENFORCEMENT OF TRADEMARKS: THE TOP IPR ISSUE

Issues related to trademarks are perceived to be among the most abused intellectual property rights in Russia.

When asked to rate the importance of a range of specific intellectual property rights problems, the top-rated problems were obtaining trademark protection (60% rated it as “extremely important”), trademark infringement and enforcement (53% rated it as “extremely important”), counterfeiting (49% rated it as “extremely important”), and trademark piracy (43% rated it as “extremely important”).

Ratings Of Specific Intellectual Property Rights Problems
(Among Selected Major Brandholders And Trademark Owners Doing Business In Russia)

 

• COUNTERFEITING: AN EMERGING ISSUE

Counterfeiting has emerged as a significant issue for several of the companies participating in the survey.  When asked what proportion of their companies’ products sold in Russia are counterfeited, only 8% said none, and 64% said less than 10%.  However, 28% of executives said more than 10% of their products are counterfeited — and 12% said more than 25% of their products are counterfeited.

• ANNUAL COSTS FROM IPR VIOLATIONS

Annual costs from inadequate enforcement of intellectual property rights in Russia can be quite large. Among companies who were willing to disclose information, one-half said their losses amounted to at least $1 million annually — and about one-third said their losses ranged from $5 million to over $50 million annually.  “Losses” are defined in the questionnaire as “lost sales plus cost of enforcing your rights”.

 

• IPR AND THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT:
  LOW PRIORITY, LIMITED EFFECTIVENESS

Intellectual property protection is not perceived to be a priority of the Russian Government and there is a “crisis of confidence” in the perceived ability of most Government agencies to provide adequate protection.

Executives of selected major brandholders and trademark owners doing business in Russia clearly do not believe the Russian Government is giving a high degree of priority to trademark, patent, and copyright protection.  Executives rated this measure using a one-to-five scale, where one meant “least important priority” and five meant “most important priority.” This measure received a very low mean (average) score of 2.12, with 20% of respondents giving it a rating of one and another 53% giving it a rating of two.

Similarly, executives have little faith that most agencies of the Russian government can help them defend their company’s intellectual property rights.  Ratings were done on a five-point scale where one meant the respondent felt the agency was “not at all effective” and five meant “very effective.” Only the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Rospatent (Russian Agency for Trademarks and Patents) received average scores above the 3.0 midpoint of the scale.

Ratings Of Governmental Agencies
In Defending Intellectual Property Rights
(Among Selected Major Brandholders And Trademark Owners Doing Business In Russia)

 

• ENFORCING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS:  LOW SCORES FOR BOTH PUBLIC & PRIVATE SECTORS

There is very little confidence in the demonstrated capabilities of the Russian Government, private enterprises, or trade associations to effectively enforce intellectual property rights.

Executives of selected major brandholders and trademark owners doing business in Russia do not see the Russian government as being at all effective in enforcing intellectual property rights.  Although somewhat less negative about the private sector’s effectiveness, most respondents do not believe their own companies or trade associations are effective in enforcing intellectual property rights.  (Effectiveness was rated on a one-to-five scale where one meant “not at all effective” and five meant “very effective.”)

Effectiveness Of Organizations In Enforcing
Intellectual Property Rights In Russia
(Among Selected Major Brandholders And Trademark Owners Doing Business In Russia)

 

• PRIVATE SECTOR ACTIONS TO PROTECT ITS RIGHTS ARE LIMITED

While intellectual property rights have emerged as a major concern of selected major brandholders and trademark owners in Russia, few have engaged in the range of available methods to protect those rights.

While most companies have registered trademarks (60%) and/or products (22%) within the last 12 months, most have undertaken few public and/or private actions to protect their intellectual property rights.  About one-third (32%) have carried out professional investigations to uncover counterfeiting activities and one quarter (24%) have taken court and/or administrative actions to enforce their intellectual property rights. Only 14% report having conducted tests to measure levels of counterfeiting of their brands. Some companies have been aggressive in pursuing counterfeiting activities.  One-fifth (20%) have conducted independent anti-counterfeiting raids in the field, and some have conducted joint raids with government authorities (14%) and/or raids with other brand owners (6%).

Activities in Russia Undertaken by Companies
in the Last 12 Months
(Among Selected Major Brandholders And Trademark Owners Doing Business In Russia)

Registered Trademarks with Rospatent (Russian Trademarks & Patent Agency)	60%
Carried out Professional Investigations to Determine the Source and Methods of Counterfeiting Your Company’s Products and Brands	32
Filed/Registered for Patent Protection	24
Taken Court and/or Administrative Actions to Enforce Your Intellectual Property Rights	24
Registered Specific Products with the State Customs Committee	22
Independently Conducted Anti-Counterfeiting Raids in the Field	20
Contested Trademarks Registered or Used by Others	20
Conducted Product Testing Surveys to Measure Levels of Counterfeiting of Your Brands	14
Conducted Joint Anti-Counterfeiting Raids in the Field in Cooperation with Government Authorities	14
Conducted Joint Anti-Counterfeiting Raids in the Field in Cooperation with Other Brand Owners	6
Contested Patents Registered or Used by Others	4
BASE	(50)

 

• RF GOVERNMENT:  INADEQUATE RESOURCES & INADEQUATE LAWS

The Russian Government is perceived as lacking the resources to enforce intellectual property rights.

The Russian government is not seen as having the resources — financial, legal and technological — to enforce intellectual property rights.  Additionally, survey respondents believe that “established methods of cooperation with the private sector” for enforcing intellectual property rights are not effectively present within Russian law enforcement and judicial structures.  (Respondents were asked to rate the Russian government’s capabilities to enforce intellectual property rights using a one-to-five scale where one meant “not at all effective” and five meant “very effective.”)

Ratings Of The Russian Government’s
Capabilities For Dealing With Intellectual
Property Rights Enforcement Issues
(Among Selected Major Brandholders And Trademark Owners Doing Business In Russia)

 

• ACTION AGENDA FOR IMPROVING IPR PROTECTION & ENFORCEMENT IN RUSSIA

Fighting corruption, education of government officials, securing support from top public officials and politicians, and reforming laws and regulations are viewed as the keys to improving protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights in the Russian Federation.

While cleaning up corruption among enforcement authorities is the top concern of executives participating in the survey, nearly as many are concerned with educating government officials regarding the economic consequences of inadequate intellectual property protection and reforming intellectual property laws.  Most also feel strongly it will be necessary to secure support for intellectual property rights protection from top Russian officials and politicians.  (Ratings were done on a one-to-five scale where one was “least important” and five was “most important.”)

Importance Of Actions In Improving
The Protection And Enforcement
Of Intellectual Property Rights In Russia
(Among Selected Major Brandholders And Trademark Owners Doing Business In Russia)

	MEAN	%=5
Cleaning up corruption in enforcement authorities	4.40	60%
Educating government officials about negative economic effects of inadequate intellectual property protection	4.30	55
Securing support for intellectual property rights protection from top Russian officials and politicians	4.23	45
Reforming laws and regulations related to intellectual property protection	4.13	56
Educating news media and consumers about health, quality, and other consequences of inadequate intellectual property protection	4.02	45
Training of customs and other law enforcement officials	4.02	36
Overall legal reform	3.93	47
Training of judges	3.85	32
Organizing and coordinating joint actions by intellectual property owners	3.83	34
Companies taking a more pro-active approach to enforce their intellectual property rights	3.73	23
Forging coalitions of international and domestic intellectual property owners	3.48	20
BASE	(50)

 

• PERSUASIVE ARGUMENTS TO ENLIST SUPPORT OF RF GOVERNMENT

A clear delineation of the “lost taxes and duties to the Government” would be the most persuasive argument to garner support among public officials and politicians for improved intellectual property protection and enforcement.

The survey asked respondents what arguments they thought would be the most effective in persuading Russian Federation government decision makers to make intellectual property protection and enforcement a higher priority.  One argument stood out as most persuasive:  lost taxes and duties to the government.  Other arguments seen as persuasive concerned the international reputation of Russia and the fact that inadequate intellectual property laws would act as a barrier to membership in the World Trade Organization. (Ratings were on a five-point scale where one meant “least persuasive” and five meant “most persuasive.”)

Arguments To Persuade The Russian Government
To Make Intellectual Property A Higher Priority
(Among Selected Major Brandholders And Trademark Owners Doing Business In Russia)

---

III. AGGREGATE RESULTS

Intellectual Property Protection And Enforcement in Russia

Confidential Self-Administered Survey of Selected Major Brandholders and Trademark Owners Doing Business in Russia

(N=50)

ABOUT YOUR COMPANY

1. What is your industry? (Multiple responses were permitted).

AEROSPACE AUTOMOTIVE ENERGY FMCG HEALTHCARE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT & FINANCE REAL ESTATE SERVICES TELE-COMMUNICATIONS TRAVEL/TOURISM Other (Please specify)

2% 10% 8% 40% 14% 6% 6% 0% 6% 0% 4% 18%

2. Which of your products are traded in Russia? (Multiple responses were permitted).

Alcoholic and Other Beverages Appliances and Furniture Automobiles and Auto Parts Clothes/Footwear Computer Hardware/ Office Equipment Cosmetics/Toiletries Food Products Household Chemical Goods Home Audio/Video Luxury Goods Medical Equipment Pharmaceuticals/Healthcare Services Software Tobacco Products Others (Please specify)

10% 4% 10% 0% 4% 10% 16% 6% 0% 4% 6% 16% 12% 2% 4% 32%

3. How long has your company had a presence in Russia?

Less than 2 years 2 to 5 years 6 to 9 years More than 10 years REFUSED/NA

14% 30 34 18 4

4. Does your company maintain memberships in any of the following business organizations? (Multiple responses permitted).

European Business Club German Business Association Russo-British Chamber of Commerce Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry The American Chamber of Commerce US-Russia Business Council Others (Please specify)

38% 8% 4% 8% 74% 14% 30%

PROBLEM ASSESSMENT

5. Please rate the following issues as challenges confronting the successful operations of your business in Russia.  (Please type an “X” next to the number below for each issue using a 1 to 5 scale where 1 is “least important” and 5 “most important”).

	1	2	3	4	5	MEAN	N
Court System	24%	36%	11%	11%	18%	3.38	(45)
Customs	54	15	21	4	6	4.06	(48)
Investment Laws	32	11	27	25	5	3.41	(44)
Intellectual Property Protection	52	19	21	8	0	4.15	(48)
Government Corruption	28	34	19	17	2	3.68	(47)
Government Bureaucracy and Red Tape	30	35	22	11	2	3.80	(46)
Non-compliance with International Treaties	13	28	28	24	7	3.17	(46)
Shareholders Rights	11	7	17	28	37	2.26	(46)
Taxes	52	17	19	8	4	4.04	(48)

6. On the subject of intellectual property rights, how important are each of the following specific problems to your company? (Please type an “X” next to the number below, using a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 means “not at all important” and 5 means “extremely important”).

	1	2	3	4	5	MEAN	N
Copyright Piracy	17%	9%	11%	28%	35%	2.46	(46)
Counterfeiting	49	8	20	18	4	3.80	(49)
Internet Domain Name Piracy	9	9	15	24	44	2.15	(46)
Obtaining Patent Protection	36	6	15	26	17	3.19	(47)
Trademark Infringement and Enforcement	53	14	20	6	6	4.02	(49)
Trademark Piracy	43	26	11	11	11	3.79	(47)
Obtaining Trademark Protection	60	17	8	8	6	4.17	(48)

7. In your opinion, what degree of priority is given to trademark, patent and copyright protection by the Russian Government? (Please type an “X” next to the number below, using a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 means “least important priority” and 5 means “most important priority”).

1	2	3	4	5	MEAN	N
20%	53%	22%	2%	2%	2.12	(49)

8. What percentage of your company’s products sold in the Russian market are counterfeited? (Please do your best to estimate).

Less than 10% From 10% to 25% From 25% to 40% From 40% to 55% More than 55% % or no answer

64% 16% 10% 2% 0% 8%

9. 9. To the best of your ability, please estimate the average annual cost to your company of inadequate enforcement of intellectual property rights in Russia. (Lost sales plus cost of enforcing your rights).

$1,000,000 or less From $1,000,000 to $5,000,000 From $5,000,000 to $50, 000,000 Over $50, 000.000 The information is confidential Do not Know/Have Not Quantified No answer

26% 8% 10% 8% 8% 34% 6%

10. To the degree that counterfeits of your company’s products are sold in Russia, where, to the best of your knowledge, is the location of the counterfeit production? (Please select only one).

Counterfeited Products are Mostly Produced in Russia Counterfeited Products are Mostly Produced in Third Countries and Imported into Russia Counterfeited Products are Both Produced in Russia and Imported into Russia No answer

20% 22%   28%   30%

PRACTICES & EXPERIENCE

11. From where are your company’s anti-counterfeiting and trademark enforcement programs for Russia directed and controlled? (Please select only one).

Worldwide Headquarters Europe Headquarters Russian Headquarters FSU/CIS Headquarters Other (Please specify) No answer

46% 10% 38% 6% 4% 6%

12. Who has lead responsibility for intellectual property protection and anti-counterfeiting programs for your company in Russia? (Please select only one responce).

Legal Counsel Brand Manager Brand Protection/Security Manager Country Director Other (Please specify) No answer

30% 10% 2% 44% 12% 2%

13. For each governmental agency with which you have had experience defending your company’s intellectual property rights in the past 12 months, please rate your experience in dealing with that agency in terms of effectiveness. (Please type an “X” next to the number below, using a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 means ”not at all effective” and 5 means ”very effective”.  Use “n/a” for not applicable where appropriate).

	1	2	3	4	5	MEAN	N
RF Ministry of Internal Affairs	21%	7%	29%	29%	14%	3.07	(14)
RF Anti-Monopoly Committee	14	29	29	21	7	2.79	(14)
RF State Customs Committee	26	21	42	11	0	2.37	(19)
Russian Agency for Trademarks and Patents (Rospatent)	8	31	27	23	12	3.00	(26)
RF Ministry of Justice	29	43	14	7	7	2.21	(14)
State Procurator’s Office	18	36	27	18	0	2.45	(11)
Court System	21	32	26	11	11	2.58	(19)
Regional/Local Enforcement Authorities	33	11	17	33	6	2.67	(18)

14. In the last 12 months, which of the following activities have been undertaken by your company in Russia? (Please mark all that apply).

1.	60%	Registered Trademarks with Rospatent (Russian Trademarks & Patent Agency)
2.	20%	Contested Trademarks Registered or Used by Others
3.	24%	Filed/Registered for Patent Protection
4.	4%	Contested Patents Registered or Used by Others
5.	22%	Registered Specific Products with the State Customs Committee
6.	14%	Conducted Product Testing Surveys to Measure Levels of Counterfeiting of Your Brands
7.	32%	Carried out Professional Investigations to Determine the Source and Methods of Counterfeiting Your Company’s Products and Brands
8.	20%	Independently Conducted Anti-Counterfeiting Raids in the Field
9.	6%	Conducted Joint Anti-Counterfeiting Raids in the Field in Cooperation with Other Brand Owners
10.	14%	Conducted Joint Anti-Counterfeiting Raids in the Field in Cooperation with Government Authorities
11.	24%	Taken Court and/or Administrative Actions to Enforce Your Intellectual Property Rights

15. What intellectual property rights and anti-counterfeiting organizations does your company actively participate in?  (Please mark all that apply).

1.	2%	BSA	– Business Software Alliance
2.	8%	EWG	– Embassy Working Group
3.	2%	IACC	– International Anti-Counterfeiting Coalition
4.	18%	INTA	– International Trademark Association
5.	4%	IIPA	– International Intellectual Property Alliance
6.	0%	IFPA	– International Federation of Phonographic Industries
7.	0%	MPAA	– Motion Picture Association of America
8.	0%	RAPO	– Russian Anti-Piracy Organization
9.	6%	UN/ECE	– United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Advisory Group on Protection and Implementation of Intellectual Property Rights for Investment
10.	14%	Others	(Please specify)

EFFECTIVENESS RATINGS

16. How effective in your view are the following organizations in enforcing intellectual property rights in Russia? (Please type an “X” next to the number below, using a 1 to 5 scale, where 1 means ”not at all effective” and 5 means ”very effective”).

	1	2	3	4	5	MEAN	N
Companies like Yours	8%	33%	33%	13%	13%	2.88	(48)
Brandholders and Intellectual Property Owners in General	9	36	28	17	11	2.85	(47)
The Russian Government	42	35	19	0	4	1.90	(48)
Major Business/Trade Associations such as EBC, AmCham, Russian Chamber of Commerce, etc.	10	27	44	13	6	2.77	(48)

17. In your opinion are the following capabilities effectively present within Russian law enforcement and judicial structures to enforce the rights of intellectual property owners? (Please type an “X” next to the number below and rate the following capabilities on a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 means “not at all effective” and 5 means “very effective”).

	1	2	3	4	5	MEAN	N
Technology	28%	42%	12%	7%	12%	2.33	(43)
Training	38	33	24	5	0	1.95	(42)
Staff Resources	36	33	17	12	2	2.12	(42)
Financial Resources	55	24	10	7	5	1.83	(42)
Established Methods for Cooperation with Private Sector	37	42	12	10	0	1.95	(41)
Laws and Regulations.	14	34	27	16	9	2.73	(44)
Civil Penalties and Damages	31	36	19	2	12	2.29	(42)
Criminal Penalties	43	21	19	10	7	2.17	(42)
Injunctive Relief	38	36	14	5	7	2.07	(42)

RECOMMENDATIONS

18. How important in your view are each of the following actions to improve the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights in Russia? (Please type an “X” next to the number below to indicate the level of importance of each action on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being “least important” and 5 being “most important”).

	1	2	3	4	5	MEAN	N
Reforming Laws and Regulations Related to Intellectual Property Protection	2	10	17	15	56	4.13	(48)
Overall Legal Reform	9	9	9	27	47	3.93	(45)
Educating Government Officials about Negative Economic Effects of Inadequate Intellectual Property Protection	2	4	11	28	55	4.30	(47)
Companies Taking a More Proactive Approach to Enforce their Intellectual Property Rights	2	8	27	40	23	3.73	(48)
Educating News Media and Consumers about Health, Quality and Other Consequences of Inadequate Intellectual Property Protection	0	13	17	26	45	4.02	(47)
Securing Support for Intellectual Property Rights Protection from Top Russian Officials and Politicians	2	2	11	40	45	4.23	(47)
Training of Judges	2	9	23	34	32	3.85	(47)
Training of Customs and Other Law Enforcement Officials	2	2	23	36	36	4.02	(47)
Organizing and Coordinating Joint Actions by Intellectual Property Owners	2	6	32	26	34	3.83	(47)
Cleaning up Corruption in Enforcement Authorities	0	4	11	26	60	4.40	(47)
Forging Coalitions of International And Domestic Intellectual Property Owners	7	7	35	30	20	3.48	(46)

19. What arguments do you believe would be the most effective in persuading RF Government decision-makers to make intellectual property protection and enforcement a higher priority? (For each argument please type an “X” next to the number below on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being the “least persuasive” and 5 being the “most persuasive”).

	1	2	3	4	5	MEAN	N
Consumer Safety Considerations	4	28	266	23	19	3.26	(47)
International Reputation of the Country	2	13	19	36	30	3.79	(47)
Lost Taxes and Duties to the Government	0	2	9	30	60	4.47	(47)
Financial Losses to the Private Sector, including Lost Jobs	6	19	36	19	19	3.26	(47)
Inadequate Intellectual Property Rights Laws and Enforcement as a Barrier to WTO Accession	4	11	24	37	24	3.65	(46)

 

APPENDIX A

Survey ParticipantsFinal report of opinions on international property protection
Selected major brandholders and trademark owners doing business in Russia

Company	Industry
AIG Russia	Insurance
Air France	Travel/Tourism
American Express	Travel/Tourism, Services
Anheuser-Busch Companies	FMCG
BAT (British American Tobacco) Russia	FMCG
BENCKISER	FMCG
BIC CIS	FMCG
Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharma	Healthcare
Cadbury Confectionary	FMCG
Canon	Information Technology
Chevron Neftegaz Inc.	Energy
Clariant GmbH	Chemistry
Colgate-Palmolive	FMCG
Daimler-Chrysler Services	Automotive Services
ELI Lilly Vostok SA	Healthcare
Elopak	FMCG
Ford Motor Company	Automotive
Frito Lay	FMCG
General Elecrtic Co.	Aerospace, Automotive, Energy
General Motors CIS	Automotive
Gillette	FMCG
Knauf	Building Materials
KODAK	FMCG
Kraft Jacobs Suchard	FMCG
McKinsey & Company	Management Consulting
Mercedes-Benz Avtomobili	Automotive
MERCK SHARP& DOHME	Healthcare
Microsoft	Information Technology
Montana Coffee	FMCG
NESTLE	FMCG
NOVO NORDISK	Healthcare
OJSC "BKZ"	Chemistry
Oleina S.A.	FMCG
OOO Unilever SNG	FMCG
OTIS	Lifts, Escalators and Services
PFIZER	Healthcare
Philip Morris Management Services B.V.	FCMG
Phillips Petroleum Russia Ltd.	Energy
SCA Hygiene Products	FMCG
Seagram C.I.S.	Alcoholic & Other Beverages
Smithkline Beecham Moscow	Healthcare
Texaco Petroleum Development Company	Energy
Clorox Company	FMCG
Coca Cola Export Corporation	FMCG
UDV/Diageo plc	FMCG
Warner-Lambert	FMCG
XEROX	Information Technology
Non-disclosure	Automotive
Non-disclosure	Healthcare
Non-disclosure	FMCG